What is DNA?
DNA is an acid that resides in the nucleus of all living organisms and contains instructions that determine how organisms develop. For humans, our sex, race and any health issues are determined by our DNA.
Types of DNA Tests
There are typically two types of DNA tests, mitochondrial and Y-chromosome. Mitochondrial testing traces a subject's history through the mother's side of the family, while Y-chromosome testing traces history through the father's side.
DNA Test Needs
Tissue or fluid such as sample of saliva, blood or semen is required for genetic testing. Tissue is typically acquired by scraping the subject's cheek with a swab.
DNA tests are conducted in laboratories by qualified forensic personnel by examining strands of DNA from the tissue sample.
Other DNA Tests
Autosomal DNA tests identify a person's ancestry by geographic origin and by percentage--for example, 65 percent French, 20 percent English, 15 percent African. A paternity or maternity test is a high-profile type of autosomal DNA test that matches a child to a father or mother.
Accuracy of DNA Tests
DNA testing typically provide 99.9 percent accuracy, although the accuracy decreases if attempting to differentiate among siblings, since their DNA can be quite similar.
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